Manejo da ferrugem asiática da soja com aplicações de fungicidas iniciadas na detecção do patógeno ou posteriores

A ferrugem asiática é a principal doença na cultura da soja. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos fungicidas à base de estrobilurina + triazol aplicados em diferentes momentos, na detecção e após a detecção da ferrugem asiática na área experimental. A segunda aplicação aproximadamente três semanas após a primeira. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas safras 2006/07, 2008/09, 2009/10 e 2010/11, em Dourados – MS. Avaliou-se área foliar lesionada, o número de lesões e urédias por folíolo de cada terço da planta foram avaliados. A partir destes dados calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso de lesões e urédias (AACPD). Foram avaliados também produção, massa de mil grãos e desfolha. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, exceto o realizado na safra 2006/07 com seis repetições. Nas quatro safras, aplicações de fungicidas, independente da época resultou em menores quantidades de doença em relação a testemunha, nos terços médio e inferior. Na safra 2008/09 não foi detectado efeito do fungicida sobre a produtividade. Em 2006/2007, 2008/09 e 2009/10, parcelas que receberam fungicida apresentaram menor porcentagem de desfolha. Na safra 2010/11, a aplicação na detecção da doença apresentou incremento na produção. O controle mais eficaz da doença ocorreu quando a primeira aplicação de fungicidas foi realizada mais próxima da detecção do patógeno na área

Architecture and dynamics of the jasmonic acid gene regulatory network

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical hormonal regulator of plant growth and defense. To advance our understanding of the architecture and dynamic regulation of the JA gene regulatory network, we performed a high-resolution RNA-seq time series of methyl JA-treated Arabidopsis thaliana at 15 time points over a 16-h period. Computational analysis showed that methyl JA (MeJA) induces a burst of transcriptional activity, generating diverse expression patterns over time that partition into distinct sectors of the JA response targeting specific biological processes. The presence of transcription factor (TF) DNA binding motifs correlated with specific TF activity during temporal MeJA-induced transcriptional reprogramming. Insight into the underlying dynamic transcriptional regulation mechanisms was captured in a chronological model of the JA gene regulatory network. Several TFs, including MYB59 and bHLH27, were uncovered as early network components with a role in pathogen and insect resistance. Analysis of subnetworks surrounding the TFs ORA47, RAP2.6L, MYB59, and ANAC055, using transcriptome profiling of overexpressors and mutants, provided insights into their regulatory role in defined modules of the JA network. Collectively, our work illuminates the complexity of the JA gene regulatory network, pinpoints and validates previously unknown regulators, and provides a valuable resource for functional studies on JA signaling components in plant defense and development

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Molecular and functional analysis of novel regulators of defense hormone signaling

Hormones are central regulators of plant immunity. They can trigger large-scale reprogramming of the plant’s transcriptome, and influence each other in an antagonistic or synergistic manner. To better understand the complexity of SA- and JA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, we performed high-resolution RNA-seq time series in Arabidopsis leaves to define the transcriptional effects elicited by SA and JA. The overall aim of my PhD project was to advance our understanding of the SA- and JA- controlled immune signaling networks in Arabidopsis and discover novel master regulators of hormone-regulated plant immunity. To this end, we used the systems approach of high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel in detail the dynamics and architecture of the gene regulatory network that is activated in Arabidopsis in response to SA and JA. In Chapter 2, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to investigate the architecture and dynamics of the JA gene regulatory network. Using this approach, we uncovered several TFs, including MYB59 and bHLH27, as early network components with a role in pathogen and insect resistance. Analysis of subnetworks surrounding the TFs ORA47, MYB59 and bHLH27, using a combination of transcriptome profiling of mutants, plant bioassays with pathogens and insects, and protein-protein interaction studies highlighted their specific regulatory roles in defined modules of the JA network. In Chapter 3, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel the architecture and dynamics of the SA gene regulatory network. Important roles for the sofar unidentified TFs ANAC061 and ANAC090 in SA-mediated immunity was unveiled using mutants in bioassays and transcriptome studies. In Chapter 4, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to identify groups of related proteins whose genes were responsive to SA, as determined by RNA-seq in Ch3, but as yet had no previously characterized function in plant immunity. One of these families consisted of eight genes encoding small proteins that contain a cysteine-rich transmembrane domain, which we named pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs). Stable PCM-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines displayed enhanced resistance against biotrophic pathogens confirming a role for members of this gene family in plant immunity. In Chapter 5, I provide a summarizing discussion on the outcomes of my PhD research and a reflection on the questions that remain for future research

Molecular and functional analysis of novel regulators of defense hormone signaling

Hormones are central regulators of plant immunity. They can trigger large-scale reprogramming of the plant’s transcriptome, and influence each other in an antagonistic or synergistic manner. To better understand the complexity of SA- and JA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, we performed high-resolution RNA-seq time series in Arabidopsis leaves to define the transcriptional effects elicited by SA and JA. The overall aim of my PhD project was to advance our understanding of the SA- and JA- controlled immune signaling networks in Arabidopsis and discover novel master regulators of hormone-regulated plant immunity. To this end, we used the systems approach of high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel in detail the dynamics and architecture of the gene regulatory network that is activated in Arabidopsis in response to SA and JA. In Chapter 2, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to investigate the architecture and dynamics of the JA gene regulatory network. Using this approach, we uncovered several TFs, including MYB59 and bHLH27, as early network components with a role in pathogen and insect resistance. Analysis of subnetworks surrounding the TFs ORA47, MYB59 and bHLH27, using a combination of transcriptome profiling of mutants, plant bioassays with pathogens and insects, and protein-protein interaction studies highlighted their specific regulatory roles in defined modules of the JA network. In Chapter 3, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel the architecture and dynamics of the SA gene regulatory network. Important roles for the sofar unidentified TFs ANAC061 and ANAC090 in SA-mediated immunity was unveiled using mutants in bioassays and transcriptome studies. In Chapter 4, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to identify groups of related proteins whose genes were responsive to SA, as determined by RNA-seq in Ch3, but as yet had no previously characterized function in plant immunity. One of these families consisted of eight genes encoding small proteins that contain a cysteine-rich transmembrane domain, which we named pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs). Stable PCM-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines displayed enhanced resistance against biotrophic pathogens confirming a role for members of this gene family in plant immunity. In Chapter 5, I provide a summarizing discussion on the outcomes of my PhD research and a reflection on the questions that remain for future research

Molecular and functional analysis of novel regulators of defense hormone signaling

Hormones are central regulators of plant immunity. They can trigger large-scale reprogramming of the plant’s transcriptome, and influence each other in an antagonistic or synergistic manner. To better understand the complexity of SA- and JA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, we performed high-resolution RNA-seq time series in Arabidopsis leaves to define the transcriptional effects elicited by SA and JA. The overall aim of my PhD project was to advance our understanding of the SA- and JA- controlled immune signaling networks in Arabidopsis and discover novel master regulators of hormone-regulated plant immunity. To this end, we used the systems approach of high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel in detail the dynamics and architecture of the gene regulatory network that is activated in Arabidopsis in response to SA and JA. In Chapter 2, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to investigate the architecture and dynamics of the JA gene regulatory network. Using this approach, we uncovered several TFs, including MYB59 and bHLH27, as early network components with a role in pathogen and insect resistance. Analysis of subnetworks surrounding the TFs ORA47, MYB59 and bHLH27, using a combination of transcriptome profiling of mutants, plant bioassays with pathogens and insects, and protein-protein interaction studies highlighted their specific regulatory roles in defined modules of the JA network. In Chapter 3, we used high-density time series RNA-seq to unravel the architecture and dynamics of the SA gene regulatory network. Important roles for the sofar unidentified TFs ANAC061 and ANAC090 in SA-mediated immunity was unveiled using mutants in bioassays and transcriptome studies. In Chapter 4, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to identify groups of related proteins whose genes were responsive to SA, as determined by RNA-seq in Ch3, but as yet had no previously characterized function in plant immunity. One of these families consisted of eight genes encoding small proteins that contain a cysteine-rich transmembrane domain, which we named pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs). Stable PCM-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines displayed enhanced resistance against biotrophic pathogens confirming a role for members of this gene family in plant immunity. In Chapter 5, I provide a summarizing discussion on the outcomes of my PhD research and a reflection on the questions that remain for future research

Multiple levels of crosstalk in hormone networks regulating plant defense

Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular pathway and these different hormone pathways are integrated in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions. This inter-pathway communication is called hormone crosstalk. By influencing the immune network topology, hormone crosstalk is essential for tailoring plant responses to diverse microbes and insects in diverse environmental and internal contexts. Crosstalk provides robustness to the immune system but also drives specificity of induced defense responses against the plethora of biotic interactors. Recent advances in dry-lab and wet-lab techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of the broad-scale effects of hormone crosstalk on immune network functioning and have revealed underlying principles of crosstalk mechanisms. Molecular studies have demonstrated that hormone crosstalk is modulated at multiple levels of regulation, such as by affecting protein stability, gene transcription and hormone homeostasis. These new insights into hormone crosstalk regulation of plant defense are reviewed here, with a focus on crosstalk acting on the jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the transcription factors MYC2 and ORA59 as major targets for modulation by other hormones

Multiple levels of crosstalk in hormone networks regulating plant defense

Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular pathway and these different hormone pathways are integrated in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions. This inter-pathway communication is called hormone crosstalk. By influencing the immune network topology, hormone crosstalk is essential for tailoring plant responses to diverse microbes and insects in diverse environmental and internal contexts. Crosstalk provides robustness to the immune system but also drives specificity of induced defense responses against the plethora of biotic interactors. Recent advances in dry-lab and wet-lab techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of the broad-scale effects of hormone crosstalk on immune network functioning and have revealed underlying principles of crosstalk mechanisms. Molecular studies have demonstrated that hormone crosstalk is modulated at multiple levels of regulation, such as by affecting protein stability, gene transcription and hormone homeostasis. These new insights into hormone crosstalk regulation of plant defense are reviewed here, with a focus on crosstalk acting on the jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the transcription factors MYC2 and ORA59 as major targets for modulation by other hormones

A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance

Main conclusion: Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Abstract: Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane

A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance

Main conclusion: Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Abstract: Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane